President Reagan free essay sample

Social Darwinism Shaping Reaganomics Ronald Reagan made many economic decisions that supported his beliefs in Social Darwinism throughout his presidency. Social Darwinism is considered to be the ideas of struggle for existence and  Ã¢â‚¬Å"survival of the fittest,† a term coined by Herbert Spencer in order  to justify social policies. Over time the individuals with superior biological characteristics will dominate populations that this super species possessed. Couples who possessed these special qualities would then pass them down to their offspring, creating an elite generation in the modern world. Dominic Sandbrook the author of Mad as Hell, The Crisis of the 1970s and the Rise of the Populist Right, discusses president Reagan’s policies that were influenced by Social Darwinism beliefs with the assumption that conflict between groups in society leads to social progress. During his Presidency, Reagan was faced with many foreign matters, such as the ending of the  Cold War, the  1986 bombing of Libya, and the shock of the  Iran-Contra affair. We will write a custom essay sample on President Reagan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He publicly described the Soviet Union as an evil empire† and supported anti-communist movements worldwide while spending his first term forgoing the strategy of  detente,  by ordering a massive military buildup in an  arms race  with the USSR. Under a policy that came to be known as the  Reagan Doctrine, Reagan and his administration also provided overt and covert aid to  anti-communist  resistance movements  in an effort to rollback Soviet-backed communist governments in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Reagan recognized the change of the Soviet leadership with  Mikhail Gorbachev, and shifted to diplomacy, with a view to encourage the Soviet leader to pursue substantial arms agreements. Reagans personal mission was to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons, which he regarded as totally irrational, totally inhumane, good for nothing but killing, possibly destructive of life on earth and civilization. † Reagan negotiated with  Soviet General Secretary  Mikhail Gorbachev, then signing the  Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty  which  eliminated an entire class of nuclear weapons. Reagan implemented policies based on  supply-side economics  and advocated a  classical liberal  and  laissez-faire  philosophy, seeking to stimulate the economy with large, across-the-board  tax cuts. Reagan’s outlook on economics was what he and the public called â€Å"Reaganomics†. â€Å"The blueprint for â€Å"Reaganomics,† was a sketched out suppl y-side approach to the economic, including massive cuts in income taxes, capital gains taxes, and corporate taxes,†(340). His platform advocated reducing tax rates to spur economic growth, controlling the money supply to reduce inflation, deregulation of the economy, and reducing government spending. Reagans policies proposed that economic growth would occur when marginal tax rates were low enough to spur investment, which would then lead to increased economic growth, higher employment, and wages. Reagan’s beliefs on cutting taxes were supported by ideas of William Sumner who believed that the best equipped to win the struggle for existence was the American businessman, and concluded that taxes and regulations serve as dangers to his survival. Reagan believed strong nations were composed of people who were successful at expanding their empires and these strong nations would survive in the struggle for dominance. Following his less-government intervention views, Reagan cut the budgets of non-military programs  including  Medicaid,  food stamps, and federal education programs. Many Americans questioned whether Reagans policies benefited the wealthy more than those living in poverty and many poor minority citizens viewed Reagan unsympathetic to their struggles. â€Å"He increased spending on state universities and student grants; he approved stricter regulations for home insurance, real estate, retailing, doctors, dentists,†(187). When he increased the stricter regulations on other policies he was insuring that the rich would be better off from the programs he implemented. Further, many conservatives thought the poor should have to provide for themselves and not be given any financial support from the government. Elitists supported Reagan’s policies, believing that it is not the government’s obligation to provide assistance to people who are unequipped or under-equipped to compete for resources. They believed this would lead the country to where the weak and inferior are encouraged to breed more like themselves, eventually dragging the country down. Social evolution was based on the ideologies of individual competition, and those who believed in this theory also believed that the government existed for two purposes. One was to protect the individual and his property from foreign threat and the other was to protect the individual and his property from criminals. Reagan believed that the country’s problems could not be solved by more interference from the government stating that, In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problems; government is the problem. Reagan practiced a pragmatic conservatism that balanced ideology and the constraints of politics, restored America’s pride and morale and contributed to victory in the Cold War.

Cyprus

Cyprus is an island country located in the Middle East, the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. The longitude and latitude of Cyprus are approximately 35N, 33E. The total area of the island nation, including water area is 5,895 sq. km of Greek-Cypriot area, and 3,355 sq. km of Turkish Cypriot area. Cyprus is about 60% of the size of Connecticut. The coastline of Cyprus is approximately 648 km. The people of Cyprus live in a Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry summers, and cool, wet winters. Cyprus is a very hilly mountainous country. They highest point, Mount Olympus, located in the Troodos mountain range, rises majestically 1,952 m above the Mediterranean sea, the lowest point on Cyprus. Several natural resources and products of Cyprus are : pigments, gypsum, salt, wood, copper, pyrites, asbestos, and marble. 17% of the land is appropriate for farming, whereas only about 30% of this land is used. The population of Cyprus is roughly 754,064 people, compared to about 1 to 2 million living in Philadelphia. About 65% of the population is working age(between ages 16 and 65), while 24% is under 15 years old, and 11% over 65 years old. The population growth rate is approximately 0.67%, with a birth rate of 13.64/1000, and a death rate of 7.42/1000. The life expectancy for men is 74.91 years, and 79.39 years for women. For every woman, about 2 children are born. 78% of the population is Greek-Cypriot, 18% is Turkish-Cypriot, and 4% is neither. 78% of the population is also Greek Orthodox, 18% is Muslim, and 4% is neither. Greek and Turkish are the two official languages, but English is widely spoken, also. About 94% of the population over the age 15 can read and write. Cyprus is broken up into two areas, both politically, and socially. The northern(Turkish) area refers to itself as The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The southern (Greek) area refers to itself as The Republic of Cyprus. The southern half refers to its...

Challenges to the pharmaceutical industrys blockbuster-driven business Essay

Challenges to the pharmaceutical industrys blockbuster-driven business model, and the effectiveness of GlaxoSmithKlines strategies for meeting these challenges - Essay Example Scientific innovations take unexpectedly long periods to record progress or profits, which is pulling back the pharmaceutical industry’s blockbuster-driven business model (Antonijevic, 2013, p. 4). Many pharmaceuticals that launched blockbuster models between 1995 and 2000 were the outcome of discovery events began between the 1970s and 1980s (Ding et al., 2013, p. 426). Pharmaceuticals made these efforts to commercialize the upsurge of scientific understanding that had been growing for two decades. Recent scientific developments such as increased amounts of screening and genomics have raised output but their effect is yet to be felt at the bottom line. In the meantime, numerous pipelines guarantee just single digit rates of growth following the expiration of patent effects. Increases in development costs pose as another challenge for pharmaceuticals’ blockbuster strategies (Shore, 2012, p. 116). Declining success rates, higher medical expenses per patient, and the need to carry out bigger tests to gratify increasingly strict regulatory barriers cause increases in development costs. Recently printed surveys indicate that the general expenses for an effective medication increased more than twice during the 1990s, reaching $800 million, counting capital expenses (Dubey and Dubey, 2010, p. 182). While R&D is turning out to be less productive, this data is conservative, particularly for extremely competitive blockbuster groups. As a result, rises in development costs could have caused a much more significant blow to blockbuster-driven business models before the 2000s. The deterioration of patent protection contributed significantly to the collapse of blockbuster-driven business models among pharmaceuticals (Rickwood, 2012). Patent challenges included briefer durations of exclusiveness that raised competition from rival commodities that get FDA approval

The Environment and Technology in Feed (responses) Assignment

The Environment and Technology in Feed (responses) - Assignment Example However, on the other, it is causes serious environmental problems such as the destruction of Jefferson Park. When more artificial elements are incorporated into life, the natural elements are apparently forced out. Therefore, Feed just like every other dystopian piece of literature shows how the future might end in apocalypse if necessary actions are not taken immediately. It shows how government uses technology to literally control the minds of people, thus, the story serves as a gentle reminder to make young readers see beyond the truth shown to them. The Teen Ink article as well as the Colson Article provide in depth information regarding the genre of YA dystopia and further exemplify how the genre has shifted throughout time. The latter furthermore identifies that it is the â€Å"courage and vision to begin anew† portrayed through stories of this genre that make it so popular among modern day teens (Colson 2012). Hope is identified as the â€Å"most powerful emotion† in YA dystopia, however, in Feed, Anderson does not seem to portray it too much, as in the end, the rebellious Violet dies and throughout the story her thoughts are always dismissed and no one listens to her (Teen Ink 2014). I completely agree with the plot and themes presented in the novel, however, I believe that Anderson could have inclined a bit more towards hope rather than truth so that his readers could end with a better note of â€Å"uplifting sense of triumph†

Canada’s Most Defining Moments Essay Example for Free

Canada’s Most Defining Moments Essay Canada is a one of the wealthiest countries in the world but Canada didn’t just become wealthy overnight. Canada has many accomplishments and failures but the most defining moments in Canadian history were both the failures and accomplishments in the economy or economy related. The three most defining moments in Canadian history were; the stock market crash, which led to the â€Å"Great Depression†, the baby boom on the other hand led to increases in jobs during the 1960’s, and finally GST replaced â€Å"Manufacture Sales Tax† (MST) in 1990. The morning of October 24th 1929 is known as â€Å"Black Thursday† because on this day the stock market crashed in America but it affected most of the world including Canada. The cause of this crash in Canada was because of citizens buying ‘on margin’ which is borrowing money from banks and only putting down 10-20% of the loan. The crash caused the 1930’s to be a period of great depression for citizens. This brought the country into a state of panic and many people committed suicide because of the stock market crash. In only 2 days the market had dropped an average of 20%. The stock market crash was a spark that led Canada and many other countries into a â€Å"Great Depression†. Other factors that contributed to Canada’s Great Depression were: the dependence on the United States, over-production and over-expansion, and dependence on the primary industry, these were all long term causes. Many companies in Canada were in debt because of over-pro duction and over-expansion. This caused many of those companies to crumble and if these companies were still up and running they could have brought Canada money from international trade. Companies weren’t the only businesses effected, farming, logging, mining, and pretty much the entire primary industry was falling and Canada wasn’t producing any money and practically all exports were to a halt. The Great Depression was stopped by the start of the second world war because of people desperately looking for jobs, so they joined the army. Canada became a more feared country, thus Canada helped win battles like D-Day and the Italian Campaign. Along with the success Canada has had in world war two, the baby boom generation occurred between 1945 to 1964, which increased the population. The cause of the baby boom was essentially the great depression because numerous Canadians enrolled in the military. Canadians want to make a quick buck and not expecting to fight for years. Canadians went to battle for six years without women and when soldiers returned from the war they had an urge for intercourse with their girlfriends or wives and that’s what started the baby boom. The next generation would need to produce more consumer items and build more houses due to the sheer number of baby boomers, more power and water would also be required to run those homes. Therefore with these new demands we need to open more jobs to satisfy those demands. The baby boomer generation is even effecting us now, 66 years later. They are going to soon influence skill trades in Canada because the baby boomers in those jobs are near retirement. There is going to be a shortage of people to fill those jobs; especially because of parents wanting their children to go to university, therefore not getting a job in the skill trades. Many jobs like caregivers for example will require more people because of the sudden increase in elderly citizens. We are also going to need to pay for the baby boomer’s healthcare and security income and that will come from our taxes. Canada could be in trouble for the future because we don’t have the people to fill those jobs and we don’t have the money to pay for their health care and security insurance. The Canadian government can’t pay for the health care and security insurance without enforcing some type of tax, and that is exactly what they did. Prime minister Brian Mulroney and financial minister Michael Wilson introduced the idea of a Goods and Services Tax (GST) to replace Manufacture Service Tax (MST) and Federal Telecommunication Tax. This new tax is suppose to be implemented to all provinces except Alberta because they already had their own sales tax at a retail level. GST saved Canada from debt of the first world war, even though GST wasn’t introduced until 1990, MST was the little brother of GST. The government decided that MST was the best way to pay for the debt and essentially it was, but most Canadians and manufacturers strongly disliked this tax. GST was promoted as revenue-neutral in relation to the MST, the shifting of the tax away from exported manufactured goods would make life more costly for Canadians. Thus Canadians were against GST and manufactures were worried that the tax would hurt their sales internationally. The GST is affecting us every day, because if you are Canadian and you pay for a product or service; you are hit with a 13% fee and that is HST (PST and GST combined). The most critical moments in Canadian history were all economic related. Once the stock market crashed in 1929, it caused panic, mayhem, and an economic crisis of great magnitude. The baby boom was a complete opposite; it gave Canadians more jobs and soon we are going to have too many jobs and not enough people to fill those jobs in the 1960’s. GST is still Affects our everyday lives because everyone pays taxes when buying a consumer product and it has been that way since 1990. Canada could be in trouble economically in the near future. Since the baby boom is retiring; I would predict that Canadians will have to paying more taxes due to the extra costs of healthcare and as throughout history, Canadians have had a burning hatred towards taxes and especially increases in those taxes. This could possibly cause an uproar in the future.

Essay --

Influenza or flu is caused by RNA viruses of the family orthomyxoviridae, that affects the nose, throat, and lungs- the respiratory system. The common symptoms are: fever and respiratory problems, such as cough, sore throat,stuffy nose, as well as headaches and muscle aches. Influenza viruses are spread mainly by droplets made from people coughing, sneezing or talking while having the flu. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people or can inhaled into the lungs. It is least common for the virus to spread by touching an infected surface then their mouth or nose. Flu viruses are divided into 3 categories, A, B, C. A and B are responsible for problems in the respiratory system that typically occurs during the winter. Influenza types C is quite different from A and B. Type C only cause mild respiratory symptom or none at all. According to CDC, no one knows exactly how many people die from the flu infection each year. There are four main reasons for this. First of all, states are not required to report influenza related deaths that are older than the age of 18. Second, se...

Negative Effect of Devolution

Negative effects: The implementation of the local government in 1992 provided the impetus for local government units to assume greater roles and responsibilities in bringing about socio-economic development for their respective constituents. This is in view of the devolution in the provision of basic services such as health, social welfare, socialized housing, agricultural extension, tourism development, among others, from the national to local governments. The devolution of health services of the Department of Health (DOH) to the local government units was consonance with the national goals. The national vision signals the initial step for local communities as well as an opportunity for local government units to manage their respective health services in the most effective and efficient manner. Considering these meritorious objectives to attain the national vision, the devolution process also posed problems for the DOH and the local government units, particularly on the inadequate financial resources to undertake vigorous health service delivery programs. In Cotabato City, the constraint of insufficient budgetary resources was only one of the problems faced by the local government in the provision of effective and efficient ranged from the geographic location of its barangays, economic status of its population, inadequate health manpower and facilities, and pre-LGC (Local Government Code) situation. The location of the barangays and economic status of the population. People of various ethnic origins (T’boili, B’laan, Tagabili, Ubo and Tasaday) coming from as far as Aparri to Tawi-tawi populate the city of Cotabato. Majority of its population is composed of the Maguindanaoan tribe and people from the Visayan regions. Cotabato, as a participant in the Integrated Community Health Services Project (ICHSP) was included in the Local Health Accounts pilot phase as one of six provinces where local financial data was collected. About 60 percent of the population is composed of marginal farmers and fisherfolks, seasonal job workers, unskilled labourer and jobless individuals. Those belonging to this group live within the poverty threshold level as they earn an average gross family income of php6,000 and below per month. The remaining 40 percent accounts for the middle and high-income groups. This implies that majority of the people living in Cotabato are poor and disadvantaged and, therefore, most wanting of health and other basic services from the government. Accessibility and Transportation Constraints. The city’s geographical feature makes delivery of health services a major challenge to the local government. Brooks. Rivulets and creeks of various sizes criss-cross and traverse the city in all directions. Eight barangays can only be reached by water transportation. Three other barangays are not easily accessible by public transportation. Before it’s special project on health and sanitation, the city has been providing health care at the Main Health Center and eleven satellite stations. However, people in remote areas cannot avail of these services because of transportation difficulties. Inadequate Financial and Budgetary Resources. The Office of Health Services (OHS) had very limited financial resources. Its regular budget was just ssufficient to cover personal services and maintenance and operating expenses. Inadequate Health Manpower and Facilities. Due to financial constraint the OHS could not put up additional health facilities and employ much needed additional health personnel. Prior to its special project on health and sanitation, the city has only 11 health stations regularly manned by midwives. In terms of manpower, the OHS had only 39 regular personnel. These consisted of 4 doctors, 6 nurses, 11 midwives, 1 dentist, 1 medical technologist, 8 sanitary inspectors and 8 non-technical and administrative personnel. Such health facilities and manpower have been inadequate to cover the entire household in the city Adverse Pre-implementation Health Station. Until 1993, major health statistics and conditions indicate the need to give more focus in the delivery of basic preventivehealth servies to the constituent of Cotabato City, particularly to the disadvantaged groups living in the remote barangays. Based on the National Statistics Coordination Boards (NSCB) data for 1990, the city’s infant mortality rate was 44. 0 per 1,000 live births while maternal mortality rate was 182. 8 per 100,000 livebirths.